Size (length*width*height): 5cm x 5cm x 14cm

• Duphalac solution contains the active ingredient lactulose, which is a type of medicine called an osmotic laxative.

• Lactulose has two quite different uses: treating constipation and, in higher doses, reducing a complication associated with liver disease called hepatic encephalopathy.

• In treating constipation lactulose works by increasing the water content and volume of the stools in the bowel, making them softer and easier to pass.

• Lactulose is made up of sugar molecules and is broken down by the bacteria that live in the lower part of the gut.

• This leads to the contents of the gut becoming more acidic, which reduces the absorption of a chemical called ammonia.

• The presence of ammonia in the gut causes water to be drawn into the lower bowel.

• This increases the amount of water in the stools, softening them and making them easier to pass, thus relieving constipation.

• It can take two to three days of treatment for the lactulose to have an effect.

• In treating hepatic encephalopathy lactulose also works by reducing the absorption of ammonia from the gut.

• The liver normally breaks down ammonia, but in liver disease such as cirrhosis the blood may bypass the liver, allowing this poisonous substance to pass to the brain.

• Here it can impair brain function, causing confusion, drowsiness and finally coma.

• By acidifying the contents of the gut, lactulose reduces the absorption of ammonia from the gut, thereby preventing this complication of liver disease.Lactulose is not absorbed into the bloodstream.

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